kpd; mQ;ry; : semmozhi200269@gmail.com, semmozhi_200369@yachoo.com Gj;jk;> jk;kk;> rq;fk; %d;Wk; xd;iwtpl;L xd;W tpyfhj ,iaGilait. mwpT> capHg;G> tho;tpay; vd ,k;%d;iwAk; Rl;lyhk;. mwptpy;yhjJ capHg;Gilajpy;iy; capHg;gpy;yhjJ tho;tpaYf;fe;j;jpy;iy; tho;tpayy;yhj Nfhl;ghL mwpTf;Fk; capHg;Gf;Fk; ,iaGilajpy;iy. ,j;jifa capHg;GilaJ jk;kk; vd;gjhNyNa ngsj;j jk;kNk ngsj;j nka;apayhfTk; ngsj;j nka;apaNy ngsj;j jk;kkhfTk; ,uz;lwf; fye;Js;sJ. ,t;tpiaig tpsf;Ftjhf ,e;jf; fl;Liu mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ngsj;j mwk;> ‘jk;kh’ (Dhamma) vd;w ghypnkhopr; nrhy;yhy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. rpwg;G epiyapy; ,r;nrhy; ngsj;j mwj;ijr; Rl;Ltjhf mikapDk;> nghJepiyapy; ngsj;j nka;apay; KOikiaAk; ntspg;gLj;JtjhfTk; mike;jpUg;gJ vz;zj;jf;fJ. Gj;jhpd; mwf;Nfhl;ghl;il mHj;j [hyk;> jUk [hyk;> gpuk;k [hyk;> jpU\;b [hyk;> rq;fpuhk mDj;jh tp[ak; vd;w nrhw;fshy; Rl;LfpwJ jPf epfhak; (1988:33). nghUs;nghjpe;j – capNuhl;lkhd – fhl;rpj;jd;ikAila - ,ay;Gfisg; ngsj;j jk;kk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sij ,r;nrhw;fs; czHj;Jfpd;wd. ‘jk;kh’ vd;w nrhy;Yf;F “A Dictionary of Buddhism’, $wpAs;s tpsf;fk; fPo;tUkhW: “jk;kh (ghyp) jHkh (rk;];fpUjk;) – ngsj;jk;. ngsj;jj;jpy; mbf;fb tUtjhfTk; ngsj;j nka;apaypd; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy;> njhlHGilajhfTk; ,r;nrhy; tpsq;FfpwJ. ,r;nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghJg;gilahd xU nghUs; ,y;iy. Mq;fpyj;jpy; ,jw;Fr; rkak;> cz;ik> nfhs;if> NeHik> ew;Fzk;> mZ> jd;ik> ,aw;if> rl;lk;> Kiwik> nrhj;J> gpuj;jpal;rg; nghUs; vdg; gy nghUs;fs; cz;L. ,tw;wpy; rpy nghUs;fs; nghJthf ,e;jpar; rkaq;fs; rhHe;jdthFk;.” (Trevor Ling., 1981: 80) jPf epfhaj;jpy; cs;s ‘jk;k rf;fg; gtj;jd #f;jk;’ vd;w gFjpf;F tpsf;fk; jUk; iuR Nltpl;R> “jk;kk; vdg;gLk; mwk; (jUkk;) vd;w nrhy; ntWk; rl;ltbtj;ijr; Rl;ltpy;iy. khwhf> NtW vk;nkhopapYk; nkhopngaHf;f Kbahj cz;ik – NeHik Mfpa caH mwq;fisr; Rl;b epw;gjhFk;. RUq;ff; $wpd;> jk;kk; vd;gJ Gj;jhpd; Nfhl;ghl;il KOikahf czHj;jp epw;fpd;wJ” (Nkw;Nfhs;> neLQ;nropad;.>f. 1988 :95) vd;W $wpapUg;gJ kpfTk; nghUe;Jtjhf cs;sJ. Gj;juhy; jk;kk; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ mbg;gilapNyNa kjk; vd;W miof;fg;gLtjpypUe;J NtWgLfpwJ. (mk;Ngj;fH.>gp.MH. 1994 : 276) jk;kk; vd;gJ r%f rk;ge;jg;gLtJ mbg;gilahfTk; rhuhk;rj;jpYk; jk;kk; r%ftag;gl;lJ. (mk;Ngj;fH.>gp. MH. 1994 : 277) mJ jhd; Njhd;wpa fhyk;tiuapy; tsHe;Jte;j r%f epytuq;fis Kw;wpYkhf khw;Wfpw GjpanjhU Nfhl;ghlhf cUthfpaJ vd;gJ njspT. ,t;thW> r%f khw;wj;ijj; jd; ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l jk;kk; jd; tpsf;f Kiwapy; fhuz – fhhpa ,iaGfisAk; Kuz;fisAk; njspthf Muha;e;J mwptpj;J Mw;Wg;gLj;Jtjhf cs;sJ. ,ij> “rhj;jdhH ghba fhg;gpaj;jpy; jtj;jpwk; G+z;L jUkk; Nfl;l fhij vd;w gFjpapy; ngsj;j jHf;fNk Ngrg;gLfpwJ. md;wpAk;> mLj;JtUk; fhijapYk; ngsj;jj; jj;JtNk tphpj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mjypd; jUkk; vd;w nrhy; jUf;fk;> jj;Jtk; vd;w nghUs;gae;J epw;wy; mwpaj;jf;fJ” (fe;jrhkp.>Nrh.e.1977: 51) vd;w fUj;J cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,e;j tifapy; mwpTj; Njl;lj;jpd; topapy; cz;ikj; Njl;lj;ijAk;> mjd;top epg;ghzk; miltjw;Fhpa gbepiyfis tpsf;FtijAk; jk;kk; jd; nghUz;ikf; $Wfshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. nka;g;nghUs; fhzy; ve;jnthU nghUs; my;yJ fUj;jpd; cUthf;fk;> nrayhf;fk;> jhf;fk; Mfpatw;iwf; fhuz – fhhpa tpisTfspd; mbg;gilapy; jpl;ltl;lkhf mwpe;J nfhs;tij ‘nka;g;nghUs; fhzy;’ vdyhk;. me;j tifapy; Gj;jH Njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;G khDl tho;tpaypy; cUthFk; gpur;rpidfisf; fistjw;nfd;W gy;NtW mwpQHfSk; jtrpfSk; Kad;wdH. itjPfk;> rkzk;> rhq;fpak;> Nahfk;> cyfha;jk; (rhHthfk;) Mfpa nka;apay; gphpTfisr; rhHe;jtHfs; mtutHfSf;Nf chpj;jhd tiffspy; gy;NtW Nfhl;ghl;Lr; nray;ghl;L newpfis tFj;jdH. khDl tho;tpaypd; ,Ug;G epiyapypUe;Jk;> mijf; fle;j epiyapypUe;Jk; tho;f;ifapd; gpur;rpidfisj; jPHg;gjw;Fhpa rpe;jidfis toq;fpdH. mtHfspd; rpe;jidfisAk; Kaw;rpfisAk; %d;W tifg;ghl;Lf;Fs; mlf;fyhk;: 1. NkYyfk;> tpjpf;Nfhl;ghl;L ek;gpf;if> Nts;tp> vd;Wk; khwhj gpukhzk; Mfpatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. 2. fLe;Jwtpd;%yk; ,f cyf tho;tpypUe;J tpLgLjiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. 3. khDl ,d;gj;Ja;g;G> mtw;Wf;fhd #oyhf;fk; Mfpatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. gpw jj;Jtthjpfs; Gyd;fle;j epiyapy; (Meta Physical) gy;NtW fUj;jhf;fq;fis cUthf;fpf; nfhz;L mtw;iw tpsf;fTk;> gug;gTkha; ,Ue;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; Gj;jH GydhHe;j fUj;jhf;fq;fSf;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;jhH. Gyd;topepiyapy; khDltho;tpy; Vw;gLk; Jd;gq;fSf;fhd MzpNtH mWj;jiyNa mtuJ jk;kk; jdJ Kjd;ikahd Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. me;j MzpNtH Jd;gq;fspd; Cw;Wf;fz;zha; tpsq;Fk; mwpahikNa vd;gijj; njspTWj;jpdhH. jt> jpahd> tpuj Kaw;rpfspYk; Jauj;jpw;Fk; fhuzk; ahJ?” mtUila ,uz;lhk; tpdh,J: “Jaiu ePf;FtJ vq;qdk;?” ,t;tpU tpdhf;fSf;Fk; ‘rk;kh Nghjp’ (rhpahd Qhdk;) vd;wiof;fg;gLk; rhpahd tpilnahd;iw mtHngw;whH”. (mk;Ngj;fH.>gp.MH. 1994 : 70) ngsj;j jk;kj;jpd; ika ,ioNahl;lk; -capNuhl;lk; ,f;Nfs;tpfSk;> mjw;fhd tpilfSNk MFk;. mjd; nka;g;nghUs; fhZk; topKiwfSk; ,tw;iwNa mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sd. rhHG ePf;fk; “rhHGzHe;J rhHGnfl xOfpd; kw;Wmopj;Jr; rhHjuh rhHjUk; Neha;” (F.36:9) “ahjdpd; ahjdpd; ePq;fpahd; Nehjy; mjdpd; mjdpd; ,yd;” (F.35:1) vd;gJ ts;Stk;. ,j;jifa rhHGePf;fj;ijg; ngsj;j jk;kKk; typAWj;JfpwJ. gd;dpU rhHGfs; my;yJ epjhdq;fspd; topahfNt khDl tho;tpd; midj;Jj; Jd;gq;fSk; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; Kjd;ikahdJ mwpahik. ,jdpdpd;Nw ,ju gjpndhU rhHGfSk; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. mwpahik vd;w Kjy; rhHG ePq;fpdhy; ,ju rhHGfs; mjd; njhlHtpidahy; ePq;Fk;. ,ju rhHGfs; ePq;fpdhy; mwpahikapd; gpbkhdk; mope;J NghFk; vd;gJ ngsj;j jk;kk; fz;l rhHGePf;f topKiwahFk;. ,wg;G> gpwg;Gfspd; Njhw;Wtha; Fwpj;J Muha;e;j Gj;jH midj;Jj; jPikfSf;Fk; Ngijik (m) mwpahikNa mbg;gilahf ,Ug;gijf; fz;lwpe;jhH. mNjhL $ba gd;dpU rhHGfs; Fwpj;J g.uhk];thkp fPo;tUkhW tpthpf;fpwhH: “Ngijik> nra;if> czHT> mUTU> thapy;> CW> EfHT> Ntl;if> gw;W> gtk;> Njhw;wk; tpidg;gad;> ,it rq;fpypf; NfhitNghy; xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlHGilait. tho;f;if vw;gLk; Kd;G [Ptd;fspd; Muk;gj;jpy; (mwptpd;ikahfpa) NgijikNa epiwe;Js;sJ. me;jg; Ngijik nts;sj;jpy;> gpd;dhy; ehkKk; cUTk; nfhs;sj;jf;f Ez;ikahd Njl;lq;fspd; fUf;fs; my;yJ tpijfs; mlq;fpapUf;fpd;wd. mitfs; gf;Ftkile;J (]k;];fhuq;fshfpa) nra;iffs; vOfpd;wd. ,r;nra;iffspd; njhopyhy; Muk;g epiyapYs;s czHT nray;gl Muk;gpf;fpwJ. czHitj; Jizf;nfhz;L cUtKk;> FzKk; (jdp [Ptd;fs; ehk; &gq;fshfpa mUTUf;fs;) mikfpd;wd. mUTUf;fspypUe;J MW fz;fshf tpsq;Fk; kdKk; Ik;nghwpfSk; njhopw;gl Muk;gpf;fpd;wd. ,e;j MW thapy;fSk; (QhNde;jphpaq;fSk;) ntspg;nghUs;fNshL njhlHGnfhs;Sk;NghJ ];ghprk; my;yJ CW Vw;gLfpd;wJ. CW fhuzkhf vy;yh EfHTfSk; cz;lhfpd;wd. fha;e;j Gy;ypy; fdy; gw;WtJNghy;> EfHT jdptho;tpy; Mirnfhs;Sk;gb Ntl;ifia vOg;Gfpd;wJ. Ntl;ifapypUe;J nghUs;fisAk;> tho;itAk; tplhg;gpbahfg; gpbj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w gw;W cz;lhfpd;wJ. ,J rpW neUg;Gg;nghwp: fhl;ilNa gw;wpf; nfhs;tJ Nghd;wJ. ,e;jg; gw;wpdhy; ‘ehd;’ vd;Dk; jdp czHr;rp - mfq;fhuk; Njhd;wp tsHe;J gpwg;Gf;F %ykhAs;s ‘gtk; vd;Dk; fUkf;$l;lk;’ tpisfpd;wJ. gpwg;gpdhy; kPz;Lk; (kPz;Lk; gpwtpnaLg;gjhy;) Jf;fk;> KJik> gpzp> kuzk; Mfpa tpidg;gad;fs; tpisfpd;wd. Jf;fj;jpd; guk;giu ,JNtahFk;” (uhk];thkp.> g. 1999: 165 – 166) ,t;thW> xd;wpypUe;J xd;W Njhd;wp midj;Jj; Jd;gq;fSk; tpistjw;F %yfhuzkha; miktJ mwpahikNa. vdNt> mwpahikia ePf;fpdhy;jhd; ,ju gjpndhU rhHGfSk; mtw;wpd; tpisr;ryhd Jd;gq;fSk; ePq;Fk;. mwpahik vd;gJ Jd;gj;jpd; ,Ug;igAk; mtw;wpd; tpisepyq;fisAk; mwpahky; ,Ug;gNjahFk;. ,e;j nka;AzHepiy iftug;ngw;why; mwpahik mfYk;. ehd;F tha;ikfs; gy;NtW JwtpfsplKk;> nka;apay; mwpQHfsplKk; ghlq;Nfl;L> mtw;iwnahl;ba jt> jpahd> tpuj Kaw;rpfspy; “ehd;F tha;ikfs;” (Four Noble Truths) vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it ‘ehd;F cz;ikfs;’ ‘ehd;F rj;jpaq;fs;’> ‘rJH MHa rj;jpahdp’ vdg; gythW Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd. ngsj;j nka;apydpd; mbf;fl;Lkhdkhf tpsq;Fgit ,e;j ehd;F tha;ikfNs. ,tw;iwg; ngsj;j nka;apay; fl;llj;jpd; ehd;F J}z;fs; vdyhk;. ,tw;wpd; NkNy fl;lg;gl;Ls;s Nkw;fl;Lkhdq;fs;jhk; Gj;jhpd; Nfhl;ghLfs;> Nghjidfs; ahTNk. ,j;jifa rpwg;Gk; ,d;wpaikahj jd;ikAk; nghUe;jpa ehd;F tha;ikfs; fPo;tUkhW: vz; ghyp tlnkhop Mq;fpyk; jkpo; 1 Jf;fh Jf;fh Suffering Jd;gk; 2 Jf;f rKjhah Jf;Nfhw;gj;jp The Causes of Sufferings (or) its Origin Jd;gj; Njhw;Wtha; 3 Jf;f epNuhjh Jf;f epthuzh The cessation of suffering or its destruction Jd;g ePf;fk; 4 Jf;f epNuhj khHf;fh Jf;f epthuz khHf;fh The Path of leads to the cessation of suffering Jd;g ePf;f top ,e;ehd;F tha;ikfspd; tpsf;fq;fisj; jPfepfhak; kfhrjp gl;ld rj;jk; (gf;. 290-315)> k[;[pk epfhak; rr;rtpthq;f rj;jk; (gf;. 248-252> rk;Af;j epfhak;> rr;rk;Aj;jk; (gf;.414-418) Mfpa ghlg; gFjpfs; tphpthf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. (fe;jrhkp.>Nrh.e. 1977 : 257). Jd;gj;jpd; ,Ug;G vt;ntt; tiffspYk;> tbtq;fspYk; epyTfpd;wJ vd;gij Muha;tNj Kjy; tha;ikahFk;. kdpj ,dk; Njhd;wpaJ Kjw;nfhz;Nl gytiffspYk; Jd;gq;fis mDgtpj;J tUfpwJ. kdpj cwTfspd; midj;JepiyfSk; khDl tho;f;ifia epiwtw;wjhf;Ffpd;wd. kdpjd; r%fkhf thoj; jiyg;gl;l fhyj;jpypUe;Nj nghUshjhuk;> murpay;> gz;ghL ,tw;NwhL ,ize;J cUthFk; tho;f;if Kiwfs; ,it vtw;wpYk; epiwnta;jtpy;iy. xt;nthd;wpd; tUifAk; NrHkhdKk; mijtpl caHe;j my;yJ tpUg;gkhd Ntnwhd;wpd;kPjhd ehl;lj;ijNa tpistpj;jJ. ,j;jifa epiwnta;jh ehl;lj;ijNa Mir vd;fpNwhk;. ,jdhy; Vw;gLk; Jd;gj;jpd; ,Ug;G gw;wpa Kjy; tha;ikiag; Gj;jH tpsf;Fifapy; fPo;f;fhZkhW $WfpwhH: “jhq;fs; vd;Dila jk;kj;ij ‘ek;gpf;ifA+l;lh Jd;gpay; nfhs;if’ vd miof;ff;$Lk;. mJ Jd;gj;jpd; ,Ug;gpy; ftdk; nfhs;SkhW kdpj Fyj;ij miof;fpd;wnjd;gjhy; vd; jk;kj;ijg; gw;wpa mj;jifa fUj;J jtwhdnjd ehd; ckf;Fj; njhptpf;fpNwd;. vd; jk;kk; Jd;gj;jpd; ,Ug;ig xg;Gf;nfhs;Sfpwnjd;gjpy; ve;j IaKkpy;iy. Mdhy; mNj mstpy; Jd;gj;ij ePf;Fjy; gw;wpAk; mJ Kf;fpaj;Jtkspf;fpwJ vd;gij kwe;Jtpl Ntz;lhk;” (mk;Ngj;fH.>gp.MH.1994:112). Jd;gj;Njhw;Wtha; Jd;gj;jpd; ,Ug;ig mwptjw;Fg; NguwpT VJk; Njitapy;iy. tho;tpaypd; Nghf;iff; ftdpj;jhNy NghJk;. mijj; njhpe;Jnfhs;syhk;. Mdhy;> Jd;gj;jpd; Njhw;Wthia mwptjw;Ff; $Hj;j kjp Njit. ve;jnthd;wpypUe;Jk; cUthFk; Jd;gj;jpd; ,ilepiy gbepiy tsHr;rpfspd; Nghf;fpypUe;J mjd; Njhw;Wthia mwpe;Jnfhs;s ,aYk;. ek;ikr; #o;e;Js;s cyfk; Gyd;fspd; czHr;rpfisj; jhf;fp Mirahfpa Ntl;ifia vOg;Gfpd;wJ. Gyd;fspd; Ntl;if %d;W tifg;gLk;. mtw;Ws;> 1) ,d;g Ntl;if> newpkaf;fj;ij tpistpf;fpd;wJ. 2) newpkaf;fk;> Jd;gq;fSf;fhd tpj;Jf;fshfpd;wd. 3) ,j;jifa Jd;gj; - Njhw;Wtha; Fwpj;J mq;Fj;ju epfhak; jk;k rf;fg; gtj;jd #f;jj;jpy;> Gj;jH gpd;tUkhW tpthpf;fpwhH: “X! gpf;FfNs! Jf;f cw;gj;jp gw;wpa tha;ik ,J: cz;ikapy; ,Jjhd; Ntl;if – GJg; gpwtpf;Ff; fhuzkhdJk; Gyd;fs; ,d;gj;NjhL mq;Fk; ,q;Fkhf miye;J ,d;gj; Njl;lj;ij epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;sj; J}z;Lk; Ntl;if> mjhtJ> (fhkk; Kjypa) czHr;rpfisj; jpUg;jp nra;aNth> vjpHfhy tho;tpy; Mir nfhs;sNth my;yJ (,e;j) tho;tpy; ntw;wpailaNth nfhs;Sk; Nguhty;”. (uhkrhkp.>g. 1999 : 181). Jd;gq;fspd; Njhw;Wthahfg; Gyd;fspd; EfHTNtl;if cs;sJ. Gyd;fs; gd;dpU rhHGfspd; ,ay;G+f;fq;fSf;Nfw;gr; nray;gLfpd;wd. Jd;gePf;fk; cyfpy; Jd;gq;fspd; ,Ug;ig czHj;jp> mtw;wpd; Njhw;Wthaha;g; gd;dpU rhHGfs; jpfo;tij Muha;e;J nrhd;dNjhL Gj;jH epd;Wtpltpy;iy. ,t;tpU tha;ikfspd; njhlHr;rpaha; tsHr;rpaha; %d;whtJ tha;ikiaAk; fz;lwpe;J nrhd;dhH. mJjhd; Jd;gj;ij ePf;fKbAk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifAk; ,yl;rpaKkhFk;. Gj;jUf;F Kd; Njhd;wpa QhdpfSk; jtrpfSk; Jd;gj;jpd; ,Ug;igAk; mjd; cw;gj;jp epiyfisAk; mtutH nka;apay; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; tpsf;fpdNuad;wp Jd;gj;ij ePf;fKbAk; vd;w cWjp nfhz;lhhpy;iy. Gj;jH me;j cWjpiaf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. mJkl;Lkpd;wp Jd;gj;ij ePf;Ftjw;fhd topKiwfisAk; tFj;jspj;jhH. jdJ %d;whtJ tha;ik Fwpj;J mtH $WtjhtJ: “X gpf;FfNs! Jd;g ePf;fj;ijg; gw;wpa cahpa tha;ik ,J: cz;ikapy; vdJ Ntl;if rk;ge;jkhd rpwpa czHr;rp vJTk; vQ;rpapuhky; mopj;J tpLjNy ,J (Jd;g ePf;fk;). ,e;j Ntl;ifia xJf;fp cjwpj; js;sptpl;L ,jpypUe;J mwNt tpLjiyahfp> (cs;sj;jpy;) ,J jq;Ftjw;F ,lkpy;yhkw; nra;jyhFk;. (uhkrhkp.>g. 1999 : 182) Jd;g ePf;f topfs; Jd;gj;jpd; ,Ug;G> mjd; Njhw;Wtha;> mJ ePf;Ftjw;F chpaJ vd;w Kg;ngUk; tha;ikfspd; njhlHr;rpaha; ngsj;j jk;kj;jpd; nka;apaypd; kzpKbaha; -ehd;fhtJ tha;ik jpfo;fpwJ. Jd;gq;fis ePf;Ftjw;fhd topKiwfisf; $WtNj mJ. ,e;j ehd;fhtJ tha;ik tphpe;J gue;j – mNj Neuj;jpy; Mo;e;j ghpkhzq;fisAk; ghpzhkq;fisAk; jd; nghUz;ikf; $Wfsha;f; nfhz;lJ. cyfj;jpy; NtW ve;j kjKk; Jd;gePf;f topfSf;nfd ,j;Jiz topKiwfisg; Nghjpj;jjpy;iy vd;gJ mwpQHfspd; KbT. Jd;g ePf;f topfs; vdg;gLk; ,t;tha;ik fPo;f;fhZk; ,U nghUz;ikf; $Wfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ : 1. fUj;jpay; rhHe;j Ghpjiyf; fhuz – fhhpa ,iaNghLk; kw;Wk; KuNzhLk; czHj;Jjy;. 2. nraypay; rhh;e;j topKiwfis tPLNgw;Wf;fhd gbepiy tsHr;rpfNshL vLj;Jiuj;jy;. fUj;jpay; Ghpjy; cUthf;fk; ve;jnthU nka;apay; Nfhl;ghLk; fUj;jpay; Ghpjy; cUthf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa epiyngWfpwJ. gy kjq;fspd; Nfhl;ghLfs; Md;kh> ,iwtd;> kWTyfk; Mfpatw;iwr; Rw;wpNa gpd;dg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy;> ngsj;jf; Nfhl;ghLfNsh kdpjdpd;> tho;f;ifr; nray;fs;> mtw;wpd; tpisTfs; Mfpatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Gj;jj;jpd; rkaf; Nfhl;ghl;L cUthf;fk; Fwpj;J mk;Ngj;fH ,t;thW vOJfpwhH: “,e;j G+kpapy;> khDl tho;f;ifr; #oy;fs;> kdpjNdhL gpwe;j czh;tpd; nray;ghl;ilg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;Sjy;> me;j czHTfspd; cUthf;fk;> tuyhW kw;Wk; kuGfspd; tpisthf kdpj czHTfspy;; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; kaf;fq;fs;> mtw;why; kdpjDf;F tpisAk; NfLfs; Mfpait gw;wpa tprhuiz Ma;T Mfpatw;why; tpise;jJ vd;Dk; nghUspy; Gj;jhpd; rkak; xU Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;ghFk;”. (mk;Ngj;fH.>gp.MH. 1994 : 188) khDl tho;f;ifr; #oy;fis vitnait vt;thW cUthf;Ffpd;wd vd;gJ Fwpj;J ngsj;jk; Nkw;nfhz;l Ez;zha;Tg; Nghf;if ,f;fUj;J njspTWj;JfpwJ. ,e;Ez;zha;Tg; Nghf;fpd; mZFKiwahy; tpise;jNj ngsj;jf; fUj;jpayhFk;. midj;Jj; Jd;gq;fSf;Fk; mthNt: MirNa fhuzk; vd;w ngsj;j jk;kj;jpd; ,Wjp Kbitg; gw;wp mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjH fPo;f;fhZkhW vOJfpwhH : “Jf;f epthuz J}a;ikahd rj;jpak; ahnjd;gPNuy;> mthitg; gw;ww nthopj;J mijj; jd;idtpl;L ePf;fpj; js;StJk;> jd;idajpypUe;J gphpj;Jf; nfhz;L mjw;fplq;nfhlhky; Kw;Wk; ehrQ;nra;jypdh Yz;lhFk; Kw;$wpAs;s mthtpd; mopTjhd; epthuz %ykhFk; ……………………. mthit nthopf;f xUtd; fhkjd;`hntd;Dk; Gyd;fshYz;lhFk; mthtpypUe;J tpLjiyg;gl;lhYk; gthjd;`hntd;Dk; capHtho;f;ifapd;Nghp Yz;lhFk; mthtpypUe;J tpLjiyg;gl;lhYk; KOg;gw;iw nahopf;f KbahJ. ,t;tpuz;L tpj mth Kw;Wnkhope;jhy; cghjhdthFk; gw;nwhopAk;; ,g;gw;nwhopa gpwg;Gf;F %ykhFk; fUkf; $l;lq;fnshopAk;; fUkf;$l;lq;fnshopag; gpwg;nghopAk;; gpwg;nghopa %g;nghopAk;; %g;nghopa kuznkhopAk;; kuznkhopa mjdtj;ij nahopAk;; mtj;ijnahopa mOif nahopAk;; mOifnahopa ftiyAk; Naf;fKk; xopAk;. Jd;gnkd;Dk; ,uhl;rpaj;jpw;nfy;yhk; ,J jhd; eptHj;jp> ,Jjhd; Jf;f epthuznkd;De; J}a;ikahd rj;jpak;”. (mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjH.>f. 1999 : 61-62) ngsj;j jk;kj;jpd; fUj;jpay; Ghpjy; cUthf;fkhdJ fhuz – fhhpa ,iaGfis mbg;gilahf; nfhz;lJ vd;gJ ,tw;why; njspthfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf> gd;dpU rhHGfspd; Njhw;wk;> ,af;fk;> tpisT Mfpait gw;wpa Jy;ypakhd GhpjypypUe;Nj mjd; fUj;jpay; fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ cWjpahfpwJ. ngsj;j nka;apay; mwtpaypd; jhq;Fjskhf tpsq;Fk; gd;dpU rhHGfspd; ,ay;Gfis mwpe;J mtw;wpypUe;J tpLgl;Lg; Gj;jepiyia> mjhtJ gpwg;gWf;Fk; epiyia miltjw;Fhpa gy;NtW filg;gpb newpfisAk; ngsj;jk; tiuaWj;J tFj;Js;sJ. ngsj;jf; filg;gpb newpfspd; Nky;fl;Lkhd mikg;Gf;F vz;tif newpfs; (Eight Fold Path) vd;W ngaH. ,t; vz;tif newpfSk; xt;nthd;wpd; gpd;Gyj;jpYk; gw;gy nka;apay; kw;Wk; Nkw;nrYj;Jk; jd;ikfs; mlq;fpAs;sd. RUq;fr; nrhy;tjdhy;> ngsj;j tho;tpaypd; KOepiw tbtikg;ig ,e;newpfNs jPHkhdpf;fpd;wd. KbTfshf… 1. ngsj;j mwtpay; ‘jk;kh’ vd;w ghypnkhopr; nrhy;yhy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lhYk; rpwg;Gepiyapy; ngsj;j mwj;ijr; Rl;Lk; ,r;nrhy; nghJepiyapy; ngsj;j nka;apay; KOikiaAk; ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. 2. fhuz – fhupa tpisTfspd; mbg;gilapy; nka;g;nghUs; fhzy; ngsj;j nka;apaypd; capH ,ay;ghFk;. 3. itjPf> mitjPf nka;apaypfspy; mitjPf newpiar; rhHe;jJ ngsj;jk; vd;whYk; ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l newpia cyFf;F nrhd;dJ (Middle Path). 4. Ngijik xopg;Ng ngsj;j mwtpaypd; nka;apaypd; Kjd;ik Nehf;fkhfpwJ. Ngijik vd;gJ Jd;gj;jpw;fhd fhuz – fhuzpia mwpahky; ,Ug;gjhFk;. 5. Jd;g ePf;f topfspd;gb xOfpdhy; Jd;gq;fspUe;J tpLglyhk; vd ngsj;j nka;apay; - mwtpay; topfhl;LfpwJ. gad;gl;l E}y;fs; 1. mk;Ngj;fH.>gp.MH. 1994> Gj;jUk; mtH jk;kKk;> rpj;jhHj;jh.>tP.(jkpopy;)> jkpohf;f E}y; ntspaPl;Lf; fofk;> nrd;id. 2. Mde;juhrd;.>N[. 2007> gTj;jKk; goe;jkpo;f; FbfSk;> md;wpy; gjpg;gfk;> 192(14) nrfrPtd;uhk; rhiy> Nrg;ghf;fk;> nrd;id-5 3. fe;jrhkp.> Nrh.e. 1977> ngsj;jk;> lhf;lh; v];.,uhjfpU\;zd; nka;Azh;T Nky; epiyf;fy;tp epWtdk;> nrd;idg; gy;fiyf; fofk;> nrd;id. 4. neLQ;nropad;.>f. 1990> jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; cyfha;jk;> kdpjk; gjpg;gfk;> jpUr;rp. 5. nry;yd; Nfhtpe;jd;.>2001> kzpNkfiyapd; fhyKk; fUj;Jk;> V.uhN[];thp> XIV/103> tp];tfh;khGuk;> rpj;J}h;> ghyf;fhL> Nfush> -678 101. 6. gpf;F Nghjpghyh> n[aghyd;.> f. md;gd;.>,. 2013> jkpo;g; gz;ghl;by; ngsj;jk;> fht;ah> Nfhlk;ghf;fk;> nrd;id. 7. khjtd;.>R. 2012> GwehD}w;wpy; ngsj;jr; rpe;jidfs;> Ma;Tr; rpe;jidfs;> fUzhfud;.>k.(gjp.M)> Ie;jkpo; Ma;thsh; kd;wk;> kJiu. 8. khjtd;.>R. 2008> jkpo; mw ,yf;fpaq;fSk; ngsj;j> rkz mwq;fSk;> nrk;nkhop> jQ;rhT+h;. 9. uhkrhkp.>g. 1999> Nghjp khjtd;> Ky;iy epiyak;> nrd;id. 10. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;> kzpNfiy> rpyg;gjpfhuk;> gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;> fofg; gjpg;G> nrd;id. 11. Shu Hikosaka., 1989, Buddhism in Tamil Nadu: A New Perspective, Institute of Asian Studies, Chennai. 12. Trevor Ling., 1981, A Dictionary of Buddhism, K.P.Bagchi and Company, Culcutta, Wagiswara, W.D.C. nrk;nkhopg; gapyuq;fk; - 2015 mwpQH mz;zh murpdH fiyf;fy;Y}hp tlnrd;dpkiy> Mj;J}H> Nryk; khtl;lk;.